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CVE-2025-49689: Virtual Hard Disk (VHDX) Local Privilege Elevation Risk

CVE-2025-49689 · published 1 year ago

Summary

A flaw in Virtual Hard Disk (VHDX) files can be exploited by an attacker with local access to elevate their privileges on a system. This means an attacker could gain more control over the system than they should have. To protect against this, ensure you're running the latest version of your VHDX software and follow best practices for secure file handling.

What to do

Update microsoft windows_10_1507 to version 10.0.10240.21073 or later.
Update microsoft windows_10_1607 to version 10.0.14393.8246 or later.
Update microsoft windows_10_1809 to version 10.0.17763.7558 or later.
Update microsoft windows_10_21h2 to version 10.0.19044.6093 or later.
Update microsoft windows_10_22h2 to version 10.0.19045.6093 or later.
Update microsoft windows_11_22h2 to version 10.0.22621.5624 or later.
Update microsoft windows_11_23h2 to version 10.0.22631.5624 or later.
Update microsoft windows_11_24h2 to version 10.0.26100.4652 or later.
Update microsoft windows_server_2016 to version 10.0.14393.8246 or later.
Update microsoft windows_server_2019 to version 10.0.17763.7558 or later.
Update microsoft windows_server_2022 to version 10.0.20348.3932 or later.
Update microsoft windows_server_2022_23h2 to version 10.0.25398.1732 or later.
Update microsoft windows_server_2025 to version 10.0.26100.4652 or later.

Affected software

Vendor	Product	Affected versions
microsoft	windows_10_1507	< 10.0.10240.21073 `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1507:::::::x64:*`
microsoft	windows_10_1607	< 10.0.14393.8246 `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1607:::::::x64:*`
microsoft	windows_10_1809	< 10.0.17763.7558 `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1809:::::::x64:*`
microsoft	windows_10_21h2	< 10.0.19044.6093 `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_21h2::::::::`
microsoft	windows_10_22h2	< 10.0.19045.6093 `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_22h2::::::::`
microsoft	windows_11_22h2	< 10.0.22621.5624 `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_22h2::::::::`
microsoft	windows_11_23h2	< 10.0.22631.5624 `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_23h2::::::::`
microsoft	windows_11_24h2	< 10.0.26100.4652 `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_24h2::::::::`
microsoft	windows_server_2008	r2 `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:-:sp2:::::x64:*`
microsoft	windows_server_2012	r2 `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:-:::::::*`
microsoft	windows_server_2016	< 10.0.14393.8246 `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2016::::::::`
microsoft	windows_server_2019	< 10.0.17763.7558 `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2019::::::::`
microsoft	windows_server_2022	< 10.0.20348.3932 `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2022::::::::`
microsoft	windows_server_2022_23h2	< 10.0.25398.1732 `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2022_23h2::::::::`
microsoft	windows_server_2025	< 10.0.26100.4652 `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2025::::::::`

Original advisory text

Integer overflow or wraparound in Virtual Hard Disk (VHDX) allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

References

https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-49689 Vendor Advisory

Fix within

Internet-facing 14 days

Internal At next upgrade

Not known to be exploited
Needs hands-on effort to exploit
Gives an attacker full control

Severity

7.8 High

Exploitation

<1% chance of attack within 30 days

Type

CWE-125Out-of-bounds Read

CWE-190Integer Overflow

CWE-822Untrusted Pointer Dereference

Timeline

Published8 Jul 2025

Updated4 Nov 2026

First seen7 Mar 2026

Sources

CVE-2025-49689 · NVD

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